Jennifer M. Bay-Williams is a professor of mathematics education at the University of Louisville, where she teaches preservice teachers, emerging elementary mathematics specialists, and doctoral students in mathematics education.

John J. SanGiovanni is a mathematics supervisor in Howard County, Maryland, where he leads mathematics curriculum development, digital learning, assessment, and professional development. Together they are the authors of the forthcoming Corwin Mathematics book Figuring Out Fluency in Mathematics Teaching and Learning: Moving Beyond Basic Facts and Memorization, Grades K-8